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Archive for أبريل, 2006

Depression

Psychiatry Viewpoint: Relapse of Depression During Pregnancy Does pregnancy protect depressed women from relapse? Do antidepressants or depression itself put the mother and fetus at greatest risk? What clinical factors influence that risk/benefit analysis?

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder or Unipolar Depression: How Can You Be Sure? For insights into accurately screening for bipolar disorder, read this expert interview with Robert Hirschfeld, one of the developers of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), click here.

How to avoid death row…

Whether jurors decide to hand down a life sentence or the death penalty depends in part on their perception of the defendant’s appearance. That’s the finding from interviews with 80 jurors during their involvement in real-life American murder cases. Even after taking into account the nature of the murder, defendants who were perceived by jurors to be sorry and sincere were more likely to be sentenced to life imprisonment than  [ Read More ]

…And how fingerprint experts are biased by context

Itiel Dror and colleagues at Southampton University recruited five fingerprint experts with 85 years of experience between them, and asked them to analyse a pair of fingerprints that, unbeknown to them, they had previously declared as matching in a real-life criminal case five years earlier. Crucially, the researchers misled the experts, telling them that the pair of prints – including one from the scene of the crime, and one from  [ Read More ]

Why eye movement therapy works

It involves recalling your horrific experience and then following your therapist’s moving finger with your eyes, which may sound a bit wacky, but as a treatment for post-traumatic stress, eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy (EMDR) is endorsed by National Institute for Clinical Excellence guidelines. However, the treatment continues to attract controversy, not least because it’s unclear how it works. But now Christopher Lee and colleagues report that EMDR’s critical  [ Read More ]

Stop looking at my feet!

There’s something about feet that allows us to detect the movement of other people or animals even in the most difficult viewing conditions. That’s the implication of a study by Nikolaus Troje and Cord Westhoff, who were investigating the remarkable human sensitivity to biological movement. Previous research has shown that in the pitch dark, all it takes for us to be able to recognise the shape of a walking human,  [ Read More ]

Goth subculture linked with history of suicide and self harm

A Scottish study that collected information from 1,258 teenagers when they were aged 11, 13, 15 and 19 has found particularly high rates of attempted suicide and self harm (cutting, scratching, or scoring) among those who said they identified with the Goth subculture. Of the 15 teenagers who described themselves as heavily into Goth culture at age 19, 53 per cent said they’d self harmed at some stage in their  [ Read More ]

Localising ‘Oops!’ in the brain

Researchers have identified the part of the brain that is activated when we make a costly mistake, and they think the same region may be implicated in conditions like obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) that are associated with disproportionate anxiety in everyday life. Stephan Taylor and colleagues at the University of Michigan scanned the brains of 12 healthy participants while they performed a task that required them to press a particular  [ Read More ]

Early findings have shown that the mothers of badly behaved young children think about their child’s behaviour in a characteristic way, tending to believe that their bad behaviour is intentional and has to do with the nature of the child rather than the child’s circumstances. This has led some to propose that the way such mothers think about their children’s behaviour may actually be contributing to the children’s conduct problems.  [ Read More ]

Left overs

Studies that didn’t make the final cut this fortnight: Evidence-based guidelines have little influence on the clinical practice of psychotherapists and clinical psychologists. Straight men were more likely to accept an unfair cash offer in a game of Ultimatum after viewing pictures of sexy women or lingerie, especially if they had high testosterone (as determined by the ratio of their second and fourth fingers). A brain scanning study shows how  [ Read More ]

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