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Archive for مايو, 2006

Psychotherapy has drug-like effect on the brain

There is now widespread evidence that successful psychological therapies induce changes to brain function, often in a way comparable to drug treatments. That’s according to a new review by Veena Kumari at the Institute of Psychiatry. Take the example of depression: a recent brain imaging study found recovery was associated with decreased metabolism in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, both in patients who had improved after taking Seroxat, and in patients  [ Read More ]

Designers of educational television for young children face a major stumbling block: two-year-old children tend to ignore information presented to them on a TV screen. For example, in an initial study by Georgene Troseth and colleagues, two-year-olds told face-to-face where a toy was going to be hidden went and found it in the first place they looked 77 per cent of the time, whereas those told by the same researcher  [ Read More ]

Care staff working with learning-disabled clients who also exhibit challenging behaviours – for example, throwing objects, screaming and hoarding things – could be particularly prone to making the ‘fundamental attribution error’, that is believing the client is behaving that way deliberately because of who they are, rather than because of their circumstances. That’s according to a study by Luise Weigel and colleagues at the University of East Anglia. Fifteen care  [ Read More ]

The misrepresentation of coma in films

The unrealistic portrayal of coma in films could be misleading the general public at a time when society has been so bitterly divided by the ethical issues raised by high-profile cases like that of Terri Schiavo. She died last year after her feeding tube was removed, following 15 years living in a persistent vegetative state. Eelco and Coen Wijdicks at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine analysed the portrayal of  [ Read More ]

Three-person groups best for problem-solving

Individuals may outperform groups when it comes to brainstorming for ideas (see earlier post), but for logic-based problem solving, it seems three-person groups work best. That’s according to Patrick Laughlin and colleagues who tested 760 students on a series of letters-to-numbers problems. Such problems involve the numbers 1 to 10 being allocated to the letters A to J, and the task is to find out which letters refer to which  [ Read More ]

Brain dread

It makes time slow down when you want it to go fast, and it keeps turning your mind back to the very thing you want to forget – dread is a most unpleasant emotion. Now Gregory Berns (pictured) and colleagues at Emory University School of Medicine think they’ve found where dread is represented in the brain. Berns’ team scanned the brains of 32 participants while applying electric shocks to their  [ Read More ]

Extras

Studies that didn’t make the final cut this fortnight: Does the detrimental effect of early deprivation on children’s cognition last into adolescence? Improving the labelling of medicines to reduce patient confusion. The psychological and health effects of disasters on firefighters. Neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex encode the value of offered and chosen goods.

طوال سنة، بدءاً من فصل الشتاء وانتهاء بالخريف المقبل تحيي باريس ومدينة الهافر الفرنسية احتفالاً بالشاعر محمود درويش بعنوان “فصل شعري”، وقد بدأ قبل أيام. والاحتفال تنظمه ثلاث مؤسسات: إذاعة “فرانس كولتور” ودار “أكت سود” ومجلة “Les Inrockuptibles”. الليلة الأولى كانت في مدينة الهافر عبارة عن قراءة شعرية في مسرح “لو فولكان” بين محمود درويش والممثل ديديان ساندر، بالعربية والفرنسية، وبثتها إذاعة “فرانس كولتوV” مباشرة. وامتلأت القاعة التي تتسع لـ  [ Read More ]

Extras

Studies that didn’t make the final cut this fortnight: The ‘implicit association test’, used to measure people’s inherent biases, might not be as pure a measure as some would suggest. And see this on Mind Hacks. Can false memories recover spontaneously? Black defendants judged by participants to be more stereotypically black in appearance were more likely to have been sentenced to death following their conviction for murdering a white victim.  [ Read More ]

Mood Disorder Drugs

FDA Safety Changes: Effexor, Effexor XR, Depakene The FDA has approved revisions to the safety labeling for venlafaxine tablets and extended-release capsules (Effexor and Effexor XR) and valproic acid capsules/syrup (Depakene). Medscape Medical News 2006

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